Week 0

• Downloading and Setting up Tools
• PowerShell
  • cd = change directory
  • cd ~ = change directory to home
  • ls = list files
  • code . = opens up VSCode
• Markdown
  • #,##,##-size of font
  • italics
  • bold
  • strikethrough

Week 1

• Python
  • print (“text”) = will print what is in the quotes
  • def = used to define a function
  • import = imports a function
• Markdown
  • embed an image: use site.baseur

Unit 2

• bits: the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1
• bytes: grouping of 8 bits
• hexadecimal/nibbles: numbering system with base 16
• binary numbers
  • unsigted integer: whole numbers) but have the property that they don’t have a + or - sign associated with them. Thus they are always non-negative (zero or positive).
  • signed integer: A signed integer is a 32-bit datum that encodes an integer in the range [-2147483648 to 2147483647]
  • floating point: arithmetic that represents real numbers approximately, using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand
• Binary Data Abstractions
  • Boolean: a value that is either true or false (1 or 0)
  • ASCII: a character encoding standard for electronic communication; diff symbols stand for different numbers; used 1 byte
  • Unicode: Unicode is a universal character encoding standard. This standard includes roughly 100000 characters to represent characters of different languages; used 4 bytes
  • RGB: color model based on red value, green value, and blue value.
• Data Compression:
  • Lossy: Lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information, especially redundant information. When the file is uncompressed, some of the original information is not there, although the user may not notice it.
  • Lossless: Every bit of data originally in a file remains after it is uncompressed, and all the information is restored.

Unit 3… Algorithm/Programming Terms

• Variables: A value that can change, depending on conditions or on information passed to the program. A variable can be assigned to a certain integer, float, string…
• Data Types: a classification that specifies which type of value a variable has and what type of mathematical, relational or logical operations can be applied to it without causing an error.
• Assignment Operators: sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable
• Managing Complexity with Variables
  • Lists: an abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values, where the same value may occur more than once.
  • 2D Lists: 2D array is a collection of data cells, all of the same type, which can be given a single name
  • Dictionaries: an abstract data type that defines an unordered collection of data as a set of key-value pairs
  • Class: static variable that can be declared anywhere at class level with static
• Algorithms: a small procedure that solves a recurrent problem
• Sequence: the order in which statements are executed
• Selection: a programming construct where a section of code is run only if a condition is met
• Iteration: when the same procedure is repeated multiple times.
• Expressions: a combination of values and functions that are combined and interpreted by the compiler to create a new value, as opposed to a “statement” which is just a standalone unit of execution and doesn’t return anything
• Comparison Operators: >, <=, <, =>, ==… operators that compare
• Truth Tables: A truth table is a way of summarising and checking the logic of a circuit. The table shows all possible combinations of inputs and, for each combination, the output that the circuit will produce.
• Characters: a display unit of information equivalent to one alphabetic letter or symbo (char)
• Strings: A string is generally considered a data type and is often implemented as an array data structure of bytes (or words) that stores a sequence of elements, typically characters, using some character encoding.
• Length: of a string
• Concatenation: combining 2 strings
• Traversing Strings: accessing all the elements of the string one after the other by using the subscript
• Python If: a statement with an if condition
• Elif: else if statement, - if x is true then _, else do __
• Else conditionals: a statement with an else condition– if x __ else __
• Nested Selection Statements: selection statements that are nested within themselves (see example)
• Python For While loops with Range: a for/while loop that uses the range() function
• Python for/while loop with with List: a while/for loop that iterates through a list and applies a certain algo to items in list
• Combining loops with conditionals to Break: For certain conditions, the loop will terminate exectution
• Python Def procedures (see code block 1)
• Parameters: values that are passed through a function
• Return Values: a value that a function returns to the calling script or function when it completes its task